Risk Factors and Complications

 

Risk factors
 

Lifestyle risk factors

•     Being overweight or obese
•     Binge or Heavy drinking
•     Physical inactivity
•     Use of illicit drugs such as cocaine 可卡因 and methamphetamines 甲基苯丙胺

Medical risk factors

•     Cardiovascular disease, including heart defects, heart failure, heart infection or abnormal heart rhythm.
•     Cigarette smoking or exposure to secondhand smoke
•     Diabetes
•     High blood pressure
•     High cholesterol
•     Obstructive sleep apnea 阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停

Obstructive Sleep Apnea  
阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停  

 
Other factors associated with a higher risk of stroke include:

•     Being age 55 or older
•     Family or personal history of stroke, heart attack or transient ischemic attack
•     Gender – Men have a higher risk of stroke than women
•     Race – African-Americans have a higher risk of stroke than other races

Complications
Occasionally a stroke can cause temporary or permanent disabilities, depending on the time the brain lacks blood flow and which part is influenced.

Complications include:

•    Changes in behavior and self-care ability
•    Difficulty talking or swallowing
•    Emotional problems
•    Memory loss or thinking difficulties
•    Pain
•    Paralysis or loss of muscle movement
•  Patient also may be sensitive to temperature changes, especially extreme cold after a stroke

Following list provides information to assist older adults and their caregivers 護理人員 to consider their disease or condition in conjunction with other health issues.

• Stroke and Alcohol: 中風 和 酗酒
• Stroke and Amyloid Angiopathy: 中風 和 澱粉樣蛋白血管病
• Stroke and Aphasia: 中風 和 失語症
• Stroke and Arthritis: 中風 和 關節炎
• Stroke and Atrial fibrillation: 中風 和 心房纖維顫動
• Stroke and Coronary Artery Disease: 中風 和 冠心病
• Stroke and Dehydration: 中風 和 脫水
• Stroke and Delirium: 中風 和 神誌失常
• Stroke and Dementia: 中風 和 癡呆
• Stroke and Depression: 中風 和 抑鬱症
• Stroke and Diabetes mellitus: 中風 和 糖尿病
• Stroke and Dysphagia (Difficulty Swallowing): 中風 和 吞嚥困難
• Stroke and Frailty: 中風 和 脆弱
• Stroke and Heart Attack (Myocardial infarction 心肌梗塞): 中風 和 心臟病發作
• Stroke and Heart Failure: 中風 和 心衰竭
• Stroke and High Blood Pressure (Hypertension): 中風 和 高血壓
• Stroke and Hyperlipidemia (High cholesterol): 中風 和 高血脂
• Stroke and Medication Management: 中風 和 藥物處理
• Stroke and Obesity: 中風 和 肥胖症
• Stroke and Osteoporosis: 中風 和 骨質疏鬆症
• Stroke and Pressure Ulcers: 中風 和 壓力性潰瘍
• Stroke and Secondary Parkinson’s Disease: 中風 和 次級帕金森氏症
• Stroke and Urinary Incontinence: 中風 和 尿失禁
• Stroke and Vision and Hearing Impairments: 中風 和 視力障礙 和 聽力障礙
• Stroke, Walking Problems and Risk for Falls: 中風，步行問題 和 跌倒風險

Pressure ulcer  
褥瘡/壓力性潰瘍  

Parkinsonism  
帕金森氏症 

Video on Risk Factors and Complications